ES उन कार्यों का उल्लेख कीजिए जो प्रतिलिप्याधिकार अधिनियम, 1957 के अन्तर्गत प्रतिलिप्याधिकार के अतिलंघन की श्रेणी में नहीं आते हैं।

 Under the Copyright Act, 1957, certain acts are not considered infringement of copyright. These exceptions are primarily covered under Section 52 of the Act. Below is a pointwise explanation of these acts:

Acts Not Constituting Copyright Infringement

1. Fair Dealing for Personal Use (Section 52(1)(a))

   • Use of literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work for private study, research, criticism, or review.
   • Reporting of current events in a newspaper, magazine, or by broadcasting.

2. Reproduction for Judicial or Legislative Use (Section 52(1)(b))

   • Any work reproduced for use in legal proceedings, judicial proceedings, or reports of such proceedings.

3. Reproduction by Government (Section 52(1)(c))

   • Use of work for legislative, administrative, or parliamentary purposes, including official gazettes.

4. Reproduction for Educational Purposes (Section 52(1)(i))

   • Use of copyrighted work by teachers, students, or institutions for educational purposes.
   • Inclusion in question papers for examinations.

5. Reproduction by Libraries (Section 52(1)(o))

   • Libraries and archives can make copies of works for preservation or research without infringing copyright.

6. Performance in Religious Ceremonies (Section 52(1)(za))

   • Performance of literary, musical, or dramatic work during religious gatherings or ceremonies.

7. Adaptation for Disabled Persons (Section 52(1)(zb))

   • Reproduction and distribution of works in accessible formats for persons with disabilities.

8. Making of Sound Recordings under Certain Conditions (Section 52(1)(j))

   • If an individual lawfully owns a sound recording, they can make copies for their private and non-commercial use.

9. Reporting of Current Events (Section 52(1)(m))

   • Use of work in the course of reporting news, whether in print, broadcast, or online media.

10. Use of Artistic Work in Public Places (Section 52(1)(t))

• Displaying artistic works such as sculptures or buildings that are permanently situated in public places.

11. Use of Computer Programs (Section 52(1)(aa))

• Making a backup copy of a legally acquired computer program for personal use or maintenance.

These provisions ensure a balance between copyright protection and public interest by allowing limited, non-commercial, and socially beneficial uses of copyrighted works.