In primitive society, sometimes known as "folk society," the larger family or tribe assumed responsibility for providing for people whose needs could not be addressed in the usual manner.आदिम समाज में, जिसे कभी-कभी "लोक समाज" के रूप में जाना जाता है, बड़े परिवार या जनजाति ने उन लोगों को प्रदान करने की जिम्मेदारी ली जिनकी जरूरतों को सामान्य तरीके से संबोधित नहीं किया जा सकता था।
Children who were abandoned by their parents were placed in the homes of relatives or adopted by childless couples. Family members and neighbors traded food supplies.जिन बच्चों को उनके माता-पिता द्वारा छोड़ दिया गया था, उन्हें रिश्तेदारों के घरों में रखा गया था या निःसंतान जोड़ों द्वारा गोद लिया गया था। परिवार के सदस्यों और पड़ोसियों ने खाद्य आपूर्ति का व्यापार किया।
Over time, as the feudal system gave way to the wage economy, laws were passed requiring the impoverished to labor. Begging was punished with beatings, imprisonment, and even death.समय के साथ, जैसा कि सामंती व्यवस्था ने मजदूरी अर्थव्यवस्था को रास्ता दिया, कानून पारित किए गए जिसमें गरीबों को श्रम करने की आवश्यकता थी। भीख मांगने वालों को पिटाई, कारावास और यहां तक कि मौत की सजा दी गई थी।
Role of the Church
✓ Charitable Initiatives: Churches have established and supported various charitable initiatives to address social issues and provide assistance to vulnerable populations. These initiatives often include food banks, homeless shelters, clothing drives, and financial support for those in need.
✓ Religion is the greatest motivation for charity
Welfare is the Responsibility of the State
✓ the church's declining power and the government's growing influence and responsibility.
✓ The "Statutes of Labourers," a set of rules intended to make the poor work, were enacted in England between 1350 and 1530.
✓ taken a number of actions that led to the establishment of the renowned Elizabethan Poor Law in 1601
Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601
✓ Established a comprehensive system for dealing with poverty in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
✓ Aimed to provide relief for the poor and maintain social order
✓ The law assigned responsibility for poor relief to local parishes.
✓ Parishes were required to collect taxes, known as poor rates, to fund the relief efforts.
The law distinguished three classes of the poor
The impotent poor- This category included individuals who were considered deserving of assistance due to factors beyond their control, such as the elderly, the disabled, and those who were unable to work or find employment. They were seen as deserving of help and were eligible for relief.
The able-bodied poor- They are called as sturdy beggars and were forced works in the house of correction or work house. Those who refused to work in the house correction were put in the jail.
Dependent children were orphans and children who had been deserted by their parents or whose parents were so poor that they could not support them. Children eight years and older able to do some domestic and other work were indentured with a townsman.
The Poor Law of 1601 set the pattern of public relief under governmental responsibility for Great Britain for 300 years.Their function was to receive the application of the poor person for relief, to investigate his or her condition, and to decide whether he or she was eligible for relief.
The Poor Law Revisions: 1834-1909
In 1834 a Parliamentary Commission presented a report which aimed to revise the Elizabethan and post-Elizabethan Poor Laws. Upon the basis of the committee's report legislation was enacted enunciating the following principles:
1.doctrine of least eligibility,
2.Re-establishment of the workhouse test, and
3.Centralization of control.
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