The first charity organization founded in the United States in Buffalo, New York in 1877
• Humpherys Gurteen was the founder of COS, Buffalo.
• This was based on the principle, giving everyone an opportunity to be self-sufficient, and individuals asking for assistance were either deemed deserving or undeserving by the friendly visitors (volunteers) depending on whether they were deemed to be prepared to help themselves. A attitude of contempt toward those who are unemployed or reliant on others.
The scientific Charity attitude adopted by the COS enabled them to understand and cure poverty and family disorganization rather than the merely assisting the poor.
• In the same manner that science had been used to engineering and medicine, the charitable organizations desired to do the same for social welfare.
Settlement House Movement
The Chicago's Hull house, started by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889.
✓ Settlement houses initially provided day nurseries for working mothers, health clinics, and classes in dance, drama, art, and sewing (Van Wormer, 2003).
✓ Settlement House Movement, which combined social advocacy and social services, was a response to the social disorganization that resulted from widespread industrialization, urbanization and immigration.
✓ Offered services such as citizenship training, recreation, day care, adult education and counselling.
✓ The settlement house leaders believed that by changing neighborhood they can improve communities and by changing communities they can develop a better society.
✓ The seeds of social work methods, namely, group work, social action and community organization, were thus sown in the Settlement House Movement
Child Welfare Movement
The Children Aid Society, 1853 and the Society for the prevention of cruelty to children, 1875, New York this was the basic elements of a child welfare movement
However, the beginnings of the Child Welfare movement can be traced back to 1729 when the Ursuline sisters established an institution in New Orleans for children of parents massacred by Indians.
They were concerned with "rescuing" children from inadequate homes or from the streets and finding for them wholesome living situations. Once their goals were accomplished, the agencies considered their job to be over.
Development of Professional Social Work in USA
✓1895: Chicago's School of Social Economics, often recognized as the founding center for modern social work, begins offering discourse to persons working with the poor.
✓ 1900: The term "social workers" is coined by Simon Patten
✓ 1915: Abraham Flexner submit his report "Is Social Work a Profession?" delivered at the 1915 meeting of the Baltimore Conference on Charities and Correction which declaring that social work is not yet a profession because it lacks a written body of knowledge and educationally communicable techniques.
✓1917: Mary Richmond publishes Social Diagnosis, influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud, and emphasizing an approach to client problems based on understanding their inner lives and familial environments. She is the first professional social worker in USA
She identified the first principles, theories, and methods of social casework, or social work with individuals in Social Diagnosis (1917) and What Is Social Casework? (1922).
✓ 1960: The NASW adopts its first code of ethics
Comments
Post a Comment