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Question- 06 साधारण खंड व्याख्या 1897 पर लेख लिखिए।

Write note on General Clauses Act 1897

Answer-06

The General Clauses Act, 1897 is a key legislative instrument in India designed to provide clarity and consistency in the interpretation of statutes. It lays down definitions and rules of construction to ensure uniformity across laws. In the context of the Interpretation of Statutes, the Act plays a vital role in guiding courts, legal professionals, and lawmakers. Here's a pointwise explanation:

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1. Purpose of the Act

             The Act provides definitions of commonly used terms in statutes.

             It establishes general rules for interpreting provisions in various laws, ensuring uniformity.

             It aids in resolving ambiguities in the language of laws.

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2. Applicability

             Applies to Central Acts, Regulations, and certain statutory instruments.

             It is applicable only if the concerned Act does not have provisions contrary to those in the General Clauses Act.

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3. Key Sections Relevant to Interpretation

Section 2: Definitions

             Provides definitions of terms like "act," "affidavit," "Central Government," "commencement," etc., which are used across statutes.

Section 3: Gender and Number

             Words in singular include plural, and words in masculine include feminine, unless otherwise specified.

Section 6: Effect of Repeal

             Explains that unless specified otherwise, the repeal of an Act does not:

o             Revive anything not in force at the time of repeal.

o             Affect rights, privileges, obligations, or liabilities acquired under the repealed Act.

o             Impact legal proceedings already initiated.

Section 8: Construction of References

             If an Act refers to another law, any amendments to the referred law will automatically apply, unless stated otherwise.

Section 9: Commencement and Termination of Time

             Explains how time is calculated in statutes (e.g., excluding the first day and including the last day).

Section 10: Acts Done on Holidays

             Clarifies that if an action or proceeding is required to be done on a public holiday, it can be performed on the next working day.

Section 13: Gender and Number

             Words importing the masculine gender shall include females and vice versa.

Section 14: Power Conferred May Be Exercised from Time to Time

             Powers conferred by a statute may be exercised multiple times unless specified otherwise.

Section 16: Power to Appoint Includes Power to Remove

             If an authority has the power to appoint someone, it also has the power to suspend or remove that person.

Section 27: Meaning of "Service by Post"

             Explains the method of serving documents by post and when such service is deemed to be complete.

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4. Interpretative Guidance from the Act

             Literal Interpretation: The Act ensures that statutes are interpreted using defined terms, reducing confusion.

             Harmonious Construction: It helps maintain consistency between old and new laws.

             Preservation of Rights: Ensures that repealed laws do not affect existing rights or ongoing proceedings.

             Supplementary in Nature: It fills gaps in statutes by providing default rules of interpretation.

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5. Judicial Reference

Courts often refer to the General Clauses Act while interpreting ambiguous or unclear provisions of statutes. For example:

             In State of Punjab v. Mohar Singh, the Supreme Court relied on Section 6 to interpret the effect of repeal on vested rights.

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6. Role in Drafting and Interpretation

             Ensures statutes are drafted with standardized terms.

             Simplifies judicial interpretation by providing a consistent framework.

             Helps determine legislative intent when interpreting statutory provisions.

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Conclusion

The General Clauses Act, 1897 is an essential tool in the Interpretation of Statutes, ensuring clarity, consistency, and harmonization in law. It provides default rules that apply unless explicitly excluded by specific legislation, aiding both drafters and interpreters of laws.

 

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