gudda bhaiya

 The structure of a file is based on small units which from that unit in the ascending order takes the form of a file. The description of these small units are as follows- We know that the base of gathering information in a computer is 0 or 1. This 0 or 1 is called bit which is an abbreviated form of Binary Digit and a group of 4 bits is called nibble and a group of 8 bits is called byte. One letter of the text we put on the screen through input device, is called byte. It means byte is supposed to be the smallest unit of a file. Data element is known as database management system or in the common language of computer we call it field. The combination formed by the data elements related to some specific object is called record. A file is constituted of the groups of similar records. It means, a file can be described as a group of similar sorts of records. The size of the file has a limit which depends upon the available space in the storage medium used by you. Database is called a g...

 If the entered data is not true, the information cannot be true. To enter the data properly and easily during the development of an information system, an analyst con siders input design one of the most important tasks. Input design is a process in which the user-oriented descriptions of the input, under program-oriented specifications, are turned into computer based business system. Wrongly input data is the most common cause of errors in data processing. The weak input design specially where the operators enter data from source input, invite wrong data to the system. General form design considerations only collects the desired data and put the similar or related data into groups. Visual display terminal is one of today's most important methods. Effective screen design not only reduces the number of errors related to entering the data but also increases production and the satisfication level of the user. There are many on-line data entry stations (VDTs) which provide pictorial ch...

 System design is an important phase of system development life cycle, This step of system design plays an important part in system development life cycle When we design a system, first and foremost we prepare its outline which can be called the logical design of the system. Structured design is a data-flow based method. This method starts with system speci fication which identifies the input and output and describes the functional aspects of the system. Structured design is a process which minimises the complications and divides the problem into small manageable fragments which is called modulization or decompo sition The documentation tool is hierarchy or structure chart for structured design." Module coupling stands for the number of connection between the calling and called modules and the complexity of these connections. Module cohesion means the relation amidst elements inside a module. If one module performs more than one discrete functions then the direction or the element...

 System development is an investment done by the company which continues through-out it's life  Data analysis is an important device for the system analysis. It helps the analyst to perform the cost/benefit analysis in a right way. The system analyst tests the system and reaches a decision by collecting the data. The system analysis tests the process, highlights the drawbacks in the process system and suggests to create better alternatives. The word tangible, here, stands for such costs and benefits which can be anticipated very easily. Those costs which do apply but their financial value is difficult to be reckoned exactly, are called intangible costs. The intangible costs, in some cases, can be identified very easily but they hardly can be reckoned. The direct cost is such a cost which is directly related to the system and which is spent on purchasing the machine, employing the staff and buying the items related to ma-chines, and giving rent. Indirect costs are such costs wh...

 In feasibility study the work of an analyst is to identify a new system, describe it and evaluate it and after it select the most appropriate system for the expected work. The principal purpose of feasibility study is to find out any sort of opportunity to solve the problem. Feasibility study, in fact, is neither system analysis nor system design, on the contrary feasibility study is a cross life cycle activity and it is continuously accomplished in the whole system project. The most important and difficult part of a feasibility study is to identify the new system and to evaluate its performance and cost. From the time of initial investigation, the analyst keeps working with the representa-tives of the user-organisation. The second benefit of the system team is, we while making the plan, associate the user and the management with the system making them equally important partners. The second step of feasibility study is to appraise data flow diagram which were prepared during syste...

 Structured Analysis is a set of techniques and graphics tools with the help of which a system analyst can prepare a new type of system specifications which the user can comprehend easily. Charting, Data Flow Diagram, Data Dictionary, Decision Tree, Structured English are some prominent tools of structured analysis. The main objective of system development is to provide a user with a system as per the need of the user. The analysis is the centre of this type. It is the main part of the first step of system development life cycle. In the first step we are focussed on problem definition and initial investigation where the analysis helps us understand the system well. System life cycle provides very little quality control through which errorless commu-nication may take place between the user and the analyst. A chart is a pictorial expression of relationship and movement. It is also used in information communication, comparative work, giving importance to some facts and guessing in som...

 One gathers many types of information related to the current system during system development. After determining which sort of information it is, we have to determine the source of information. There are two main sources of obtaining information- human resources and documents. Human resources are called external resources while documents are generally called internal resources. The success of system development depends upon each of the above mentioned. techniques. To understand a system the study of the documents, forms and database related to it is important. Good system analysts give it more importance than the users. A system analyst first of all sees the organizational chart as a document. After this, the system analyst studies such documents which provide the account of the problem, These mainly contain documents like interoffice memoranda, customer complaints, reports, accounting records etc. The second information gathering technique for system development is research and s...

 Information, for ever, have been important for a company or institution. Today the advancement of information technology has made its operation and control easier Today, business without information is almost a failure. Successful planning is the key to the success of business. When you are developing an information system, it must be developed under the MIS (Management Information System) rules of the organisation on institution. The first thing in a strategic planning is to set the MIS objectives and determine the probable results to be obtained from them. While preparing an strategic plan, different types of questions come to our mind and the answers to which are essential for determining the plan. In most of the cases, the answers to these questions depend upon the structure and complexity of the MIS organisation, the level of the computerisation of the company. the interference of the authorities of the higher management in recommending the plan The managerial MIS plan links ...

 System analysts came into existence with the industrial revolution. Despite the present and future technological capacities, for its power and utility the credit goes to man. Professionals define the applications and problems solved by computers. Computer programmers and technicians implement the technology on well-defined applications and problems. With the help of information technology we can collect and store data in large quantity, can act on commercial transactions with speed and accuracy and can arrange for relevant information for management on time. Between those who need the computer system and those who are well-acquainted with this technology, there is a gap which is filled by the system analysts. In ordinary terms, system analysts are those people who understand the trade as well as computing. The system analyst studies the transaction problems and potentials and then turns the commercial and information related requirements of that transaction into computer based inf...

 System development cycle or system development life cycle is an orderly and well-arranged approach for solving the problems of a system. It is necessary to know and understand a problem before solving it. The basis of a candidate system is to identify the needs so that the information system can be improved. If the problem is complicated, the management can take the help of the analyst. This analyst can be called from outside. In a large organisation, the analyst defines the problems, then he tries to solve it. By extending the survey on the basis of the primary survey, the feasibility of the system is studied. At the time of the study of feasibility, it is specifically observed that what the requirements of a user are and if the system is capable enough to fulfil the requirements of the user. The system analyst needn't solve the problems in this phase but he tries to look for its scope only. He in this whole study, determines those aspects of the system which are to be included i...

Our body is a structure based on several systems. It contains respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system etc. Our body functions smoothly only because of the mutual co-operation of these sys-tems. System is a combination of two words-syn+histanai which stands for "standing to-gether". System is an orderly combination or arrangement, as of parts or elements, into a whole; specifically, such combination according to some rational principle; any me-thodical arrangement of parts." According to Oxford Dictionary, system is a group of things, pieces of equipment, etc. that are connected or work together. For example, a transport system, a stereo system and a computer system. A system is prepared to achieve a pre-set goal. There must be inter relation and interdependence amidst different parts of a system.  Organisation stands for an order or structure. It is such an arrangement of different units which helps obtain a certain objective. Interaction stands for the...