gudda bhaiya

 The success of each system is measured by the basis of its internal and external security. The system analyst uses many tactics to prevent the data from damage or loss which include back up facility, the facility of data recovery in the case of system crash and using password and encryption for preventing the unauthorised and illegal access to information. Now-a-days, the newspapers, t.v., magazines all are full of the information regarding the illegal access to the computer, viral attack, the cheating done using the computer, and other events. It is the task of an analyst to design a security system which can prevent loss, mistakes and unauthorised access to data. The level of security in any system depends upon the movement of data, the reliability of the user and the complexity of the system. In system security the tasks related to prevention of sudden losses occuring due to the pre-set fears are performed by the technical development of hardware and operating system and workin...

 Several types of specific hardware and software are required in system development. Companies which supply us any object, product etc. are called suppliers. In computer industry we purchase three types of products- software, hardware and service. There-fore, we can put the suppliers in three classes - software supplier, hardware supplier and service supplier. Hardware suppliers are those from whom we purchase computer, printer, scanner, terminals and other peripherals. The hardware suppliers working in India are- I.B.M, Microtech, H.P., Philips etc. Even, amidst them, there are several classes. In all over the world, there are software suppliers many times more than the hardware suppliers and are on toes to establish their product in the market with many more features. Some prominent names among them are- Microsoft, Sun Microsystems etc. Software reliability breeds the concept of modularity. Modularity is helpful in the modification of the software. It depends upon whether a packa...

 Implementing a new system is an important aspect of system development life cycle. Implementation is the process of system development life cycle where the users bring the developed system in working condition, it means the developed system starts its work and after this it is handed over to the user. Conversion is that process of completing all works which as a result hands the new system over to the user. There is a little difference between implementation and conversion. Converting the developed system completely into working condition is called implementation. While conversion is an activity of implementation. Implementation includes several activities besides conversion which contain appraisal after implementation and software main-tenance. Conversion stands for replacing one system with another. Its objects are-activating the tested system and minimizing the conversion cost, risks and the annoyance of the user The main tasks in the process of conversion are to create files i...

 The most important phase of system development is system testing. To implement the system successfully system testing is a must. Online system, such as the railway reservation system has certainly a definite response time. To make it sure what the response time of the system is, the business done on all the screen at peak hours (with a calculation) is input and the response time of each function is guessed. The most important thing determining the conditions for the user acceptance test is that user and the analyst both should agree upon these conditions. The test data are prepared with the coding of the program and their documents too are prepared. This gives the programmer the information about the right testing of the programs. After the test, it is saved in the file with a view to future reference. After the development of the test plan the system test starts with separate testing of each module of the program. After the individual testing of modules of the program, it is turn...

 The structure of a file is based on small units which from that unit in the ascending order takes the form of a file. The description of these small units are as follows- We know that the base of gathering information in a computer is 0 or 1. This 0 or 1 is called bit which is an abbreviated form of Binary Digit and a group of 4 bits is called nibble and a group of 8 bits is called byte. One letter of the text we put on the screen through input device, is called byte. It means byte is supposed to be the smallest unit of a file. Data element is known as database management system or in the common language of computer we call it field. The combination formed by the data elements related to some specific object is called record. A file is constituted of the groups of similar records. It means, a file can be described as a group of similar sorts of records. The size of the file has a limit which depends upon the available space in the storage medium used by you. Database is called a g...

 If the entered data is not true, the information cannot be true. To enter the data properly and easily during the development of an information system, an analyst con siders input design one of the most important tasks. Input design is a process in which the user-oriented descriptions of the input, under program-oriented specifications, are turned into computer based business system. Wrongly input data is the most common cause of errors in data processing. The weak input design specially where the operators enter data from source input, invite wrong data to the system. General form design considerations only collects the desired data and put the similar or related data into groups. Visual display terminal is one of today's most important methods. Effective screen design not only reduces the number of errors related to entering the data but also increases production and the satisfication level of the user. There are many on-line data entry stations (VDTs) which provide pictorial ch...

 System design is an important phase of system development life cycle, This step of system design plays an important part in system development life cycle When we design a system, first and foremost we prepare its outline which can be called the logical design of the system. Structured design is a data-flow based method. This method starts with system speci fication which identifies the input and output and describes the functional aspects of the system. Structured design is a process which minimises the complications and divides the problem into small manageable fragments which is called modulization or decompo sition The documentation tool is hierarchy or structure chart for structured design." Module coupling stands for the number of connection between the calling and called modules and the complexity of these connections. Module cohesion means the relation amidst elements inside a module. If one module performs more than one discrete functions then the direction or the element...

 System development is an investment done by the company which continues through-out it's life  Data analysis is an important device for the system analysis. It helps the analyst to perform the cost/benefit analysis in a right way. The system analyst tests the system and reaches a decision by collecting the data. The system analysis tests the process, highlights the drawbacks in the process system and suggests to create better alternatives. The word tangible, here, stands for such costs and benefits which can be anticipated very easily. Those costs which do apply but their financial value is difficult to be reckoned exactly, are called intangible costs. The intangible costs, in some cases, can be identified very easily but they hardly can be reckoned. The direct cost is such a cost which is directly related to the system and which is spent on purchasing the machine, employing the staff and buying the items related to ma-chines, and giving rent. Indirect costs are such costs wh...

 In feasibility study the work of an analyst is to identify a new system, describe it and evaluate it and after it select the most appropriate system for the expected work. The principal purpose of feasibility study is to find out any sort of opportunity to solve the problem. Feasibility study, in fact, is neither system analysis nor system design, on the contrary feasibility study is a cross life cycle activity and it is continuously accomplished in the whole system project. The most important and difficult part of a feasibility study is to identify the new system and to evaluate its performance and cost. From the time of initial investigation, the analyst keeps working with the representa-tives of the user-organisation. The second benefit of the system team is, we while making the plan, associate the user and the management with the system making them equally important partners. The second step of feasibility study is to appraise data flow diagram which were prepared during syste...

 Structured Analysis is a set of techniques and graphics tools with the help of which a system analyst can prepare a new type of system specifications which the user can comprehend easily. Charting, Data Flow Diagram, Data Dictionary, Decision Tree, Structured English are some prominent tools of structured analysis. The main objective of system development is to provide a user with a system as per the need of the user. The analysis is the centre of this type. It is the main part of the first step of system development life cycle. In the first step we are focussed on problem definition and initial investigation where the analysis helps us understand the system well. System life cycle provides very little quality control through which errorless commu-nication may take place between the user and the analyst. A chart is a pictorial expression of relationship and movement. It is also used in information communication, comparative work, giving importance to some facts and guessing in som...

 One gathers many types of information related to the current system during system development. After determining which sort of information it is, we have to determine the source of information. There are two main sources of obtaining information- human resources and documents. Human resources are called external resources while documents are generally called internal resources. The success of system development depends upon each of the above mentioned. techniques. To understand a system the study of the documents, forms and database related to it is important. Good system analysts give it more importance than the users. A system analyst first of all sees the organizational chart as a document. After this, the system analyst studies such documents which provide the account of the problem, These mainly contain documents like interoffice memoranda, customer complaints, reports, accounting records etc. The second information gathering technique for system development is research and s...