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Sale Deed based on the facts about the agreement between ‘X’ (Seller) and ‘Y’ (Buyer) : SALE DEED This Sale Deed is made on this [Day] day of [Month], [Year] , at [Place] . BETWEEN [X] , son/daughter of [Father’s Name] , aged about [Age] years, residing at [Full Address] , hereinafter called the “Seller” (which expression shall, unless repugnant to the context, include his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns); AND [Y] , son/daughter of [Father’s Name] , aged about [Age] years, residing at [Full Address] , hereinafter called the “Buyer” (which expression shall, unless repugnant to the context, include his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns). RECITALS WHEREAS , the Seller is the absolute owner of the immovable property more fully described below and has clear and marketable title to sell the same. WHEREAS , the Seller and the Buyer entered into an Agreement to Sell dated 17.10.2021 , whereby the Seller agreed to sell the said property to the Bu...

SALE DEED This Sale Deed is made on this [Day] day of [Month], [Year] , at [Place] . BETWEEN [Name of Seller] , son/daughter/wife of [Father’s/Husband’s Name] , aged about [Age] years, residing at [Full Address] , hereinafter called the “Seller” (which expression shall unless repugnant to the context include his/her heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns); AND [Name of Buyer] , son/daughter/wife of [Father’s/Husband’s Name] , aged about [Age] years, residing at [Full Address] , hereinafter called the “Buyer” (which expression shall unless repugnant to the context include his/her heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns). WHEREAS: The Seller is the absolute owner and in possession of the immovable property more fully described hereunder, and has clear and marketable title to sell the same. The Seller has agreed to sell and the Buyer has agreed to purchase the said property for a total consideration of ₹[Amount] (Rupees [Amount in words] only). DESCRIP...

  Grounds for Refusal of Amendments in Pleadings While courts generally allow amendments to pleadings to ensure justice, they may refuse amendments on certain grounds, including: Introduction of a New Cause of Action: If the amendment seeks to introduce an entirely new cause of action that is different from the original claim, it may be refused. Prejudice to the Opposite Party: When the amendment causes unfair prejudice or hardship to the opposing party, especially if it affects their defense or causes additional delay. Delay and Laches: If the amendment is sought at a very late stage of the trial or after long delay without sufficient explanation, courts may refuse it to avoid wasting time and resources. Lack of Bona Fide Intent: If the amendment is malicious or intended to mislead the court or harass the opponent. Violation of Law or Public Policy: Amendments that are illegal or against public policy can be rejected. If Amendment Causes Injustice: When all...

  Short Note on Amendment of Pleading Amendment of Pleading refers to the process of making changes, additions, or corrections to the original pleadings (plaint or written statement) filed in a court. It is governed by Order VI Rule 17 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 . Key Points: The objective is to allow parties to correct errors or include new facts that are essential for determining the real issues in dispute. A party may amend the pleadings with the permission of the court at any stage of the proceedings. The amendment must be necessary for the purpose of determining the real questions in controversy between the parties. However, no amendment is allowed if it introduces a new cause of action or prejudices the other party or is sought at a very late stage without justification. Landmark Principle: In the case of Rajkumar v. Dipinder Kaur , the Supreme Court held that amendments should be liberally allowed unless they cause injustice or undue de...

Short notes on the given legal terms: a) Affidavit An affidavit is a written statement of facts , sworn or affirmed by the deponent (person making it) under oath before a person legally authorized to administer an oath (such as a notary or magistrate). It is used as evidence in courts or legal proceedings. b) Codicil A codicil is a supplement or addition to a will that explains, modifies, or revokes part of the will without replacing the original will . It must be executed in the same manner as a will and is legally binding. c) Mortgage A mortgage is a legal agreement by which a borrower (mortgagor) conveys an interest in immovable property to a lender (mortgagee) as security for a loan , with a condition for the retransfer upon repayment of the debt. d) Attestation Attestation refers to the act of witnessing the signing of a document (such as a will or deed) by one or more witnesses , who then also sign the document to confirm that it was signed willingly an...

An a pplication under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 , on behalf of Rani , a 49-year-old housewife, seeking maintenance from her husband Raj , a 52-year-old Indian Engineering Services (IES) officer posted in Mumbai, who has allegedly deserted her without any justifiable cause . 🏛️ IN THE COURT OF THE HON’BLE JUDICIAL MAGISTRATE FIRST CLASS AT [LOCATION] Miscellaneous Criminal Application No. ____ of 2025 Under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 IN THE MATTER OF: Smt. Rani , W/o Raj, Aged about 49 years, Presently residing at: [Full address], … Applicant VERSUS Raj , S/o [Father’s Name], Aged about 52 years, Working as: IES Officer, Presently posted at: [Office Address], Mumbai, Maharashtra, … Respondent APPLICATION UNDER SECTION 125 OF Cr.P.C. FOR GRANT OF MAINTENANCE THE APPLICANT MOST RESPECTFULLY STATES AS FOLLOWS: That the Applicant is the legally wedded wife of the Respondent. The marriage between the Applicant and the Responde...

 🔷 Meaning of Anticipatory Bail Anticipatory bail is a legal provision under Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 , which allows a person to seek bail in anticipation of arrest for a non-bailable offence . 🔍 Definition: Anticipatory bail is a direction issued by a court to release a person on bail , even before he is arrested , in cases where the person apprehends arrest on accusation of having committed a non-bailable offence . 🧾 Key Features: Aspect Details Governing Law Section 438, CrPC Who Can Apply Any person who has reason to believe they may be arrested Before Which Court Sessions Court or High Court When to Apply Before arrest takes place Nature of Offence Must be a non-bailable offence Discretion of Court Court may grant anticipatory bail with conditions Conditions Imposed May include: surrendering passport, not leaving jurisdiction, etc. Effect of Order Police cannot arrest the person if anticipatory ba...

Bail Application under Section 437 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 , on behalf of a public servant accused under Section 409 of the Indian Penal Code for non-deposit of ₹5,000 in the Government treasury : 🏛️ IN THE COURT OF THE LEARNED JUDICIAL MAGISTRATE, BILASPUR  BAIL APPLICATION UNDER SECTION 437 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE, 1973 IN THE MATTER OF: [Name of the Accused / Applicant] S/o [Father’s Name], Age: [Age], Occupation: [Designation], R/o [Full Residential Address], …Applicant / Accused VERSUS The State of [State] Through the Officer-in-Charge, [Police Station Name], …Respondent MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH: That the applicant is a public servant working as [designation] in the [name of department/office] and has been falsely implicated in the present case under Section 409 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 , registered as FIR No. ___/2025 at [Police Station Name] , alleging criminal breach of trust by a public servant . That the allegation pertains ...

Draft of a civil suit for permanent injunction along with an application for temporary injunction (stay) under Order XXXIX Rules 1 and 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. The suit is intended to restrain the landlord from forcibly dispossessing the tenant without due process of law . 🏛️ IN THE COURT OF THE CIVIL JUDGE, BILASPUR Civil Suit No. ______ of 2025 IN THE MATTER OF: [Name of Plaintiff] S/o [Father’s Name], R/o [Full Address], …Plaintiff VERSUS [Name of Defendant] S/o [Father’s Name], R/o [Full Address], …Defendant SUIT FOR PERMANENT INJUNCTION (Restraining the landlord from dispossessing the tenant forcibly and illegally) The Plaintiff Most Respectfully Submits: 1. That the Plaintiff is a lawful tenant of the Defendant in respect of the premises situated at [full description and address of the rented premises], hereinafter referred to as “the suit property”. 2. That the Plaintiff has been residing in the said premises for the past [X years/months] and ha...

Here is a sample writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India for the issuance of a writ of Habeas Corpus , based on assumed facts.  IN THE HON’BLE HIGH COURT OF CHHATTISGARH AT BILASPUR  WRIT PETITION (CRIMINAL) UNDER ARTICLE 226 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA FOR ISSUANCE OF WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS IN THE MATTER OF: [Name of Petitioner] S/o [Father’s Name], Aged [Age] years, Resident of [Full Address], Mobile No.: [Contact No.] ...Petitioner VERSUS State of [State] , Through the Secretary, Department of Home Affairs, [Secretariat Address] Superintendent of Police , [District Name], [District Address] Station House Officer , [Police Station Name], [Address] ...Respondents TO, The Hon’ble Chief Justice and His Companion Justices of the Hon’ble High Court of Chhattisgarh, The humble Petition of the Petitioner above named: MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH: 1. Facts of the Case: That the petitioner is filing this writ petition under Article 226 o...

🔷 Meaning of Plaint and Written Statement 👉 Plaint : A plaint is a formal written complaint or statement of claim filed by the plaintiff (the person who initiates the suit) in a civil court. It sets out the material facts , the cause of action , and the relief sought by the plaintiff. Governed by Order VII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. It marks the initiation of a civil suit . 👉 Written Statement : A written statement is the defense filed by the defendant in response to the plaint. It contains admissions, denials, and objections to the allegations made by the plaintiff, along with any legal defenses and counterclaims , if any. Governed by Order VIII of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. It is the first reply of the defendant in the suit. 🔷 Difference between Plaint and Written Statement Basis Plaint Written Statement Filed by Plaintiff (the person who files the case) Defendant (the person against whom the case is filed) Purp...

 The terms Inquiry and Investigation are often used interchangeably in common language, but in legal terminology—especially under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) —they have distinct meanings and purposes. Below is a clear distinction between Inquiry and Investigation : 🔷 Distinction between Inquiry and Investigation Basis of Distinction Investigation Inquiry Definition Investigation is the process by which police or investigating agency collects evidence. Inquiry is conducted by a magistrate or court to determine the truth of the facts in issue. Provision in CrPC Defined under Section 2(h) of CrPC. Defined under Section 2(g) of CrPC. Conducted by Police officers or any person authorized by a magistrate. Magistrate or court. Stage of Proceedings Pre-trial stage , before chargesheet is filed. Post-investigation and may occur before or during trial . Objective To collect evidence, ascertain facts, and identify the offender. To det...

 The fundamental rules of pleading, particularly in the context of drafting a plaint (a formal written statement of claim in a civil suit), are essential to ensure clarity, precision, and legal sufficiency. These rules are primarily derived from the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) — especially Order VI (General Rules of Pleading) and Order VII (Plaint) . Below is an explanation of these fundamental rules: 🔷 Fundamental Rules of Pleading in Drafting a Plaint: 1. Facts, Not Law Only material facts should be stated, not the evidence or law. Legal conclusions or arguments should be left for the court. Example: Say “Defendant borrowed ₹1,00,000 on 1st Jan 2024,” rather than “Defendant is liable under Section 73 of the Contract Act.” 2. Material Facts Only Only those facts that are necessary to constitute the cause of action should be included. Avoid unnecessary or irrelevant details. Example: If the case is about non-payment of loan, plaintiff need no...

 What are the Fundamental rules of pleading in terms of drafting a plaint? Explain. Distinguish between Inquiry and Investigation. What do you mean by Plaint and written statement ? Differentiate.  Prepare a writ petition against state under article 226 of the Constitution for issuance of writ of   Habeas Corpus on the basis of the assumed facts.   Suit for permanent injunction, restraining the landlord from dispossessing the tenant forcibly and illegally along with application for stay. Write an Application under section 437 of Cr.P.C., 1973, on behalf of a public servant who has been detained u/s 409 of the IPC for non-deposit of Rs. 5000/- in the govt. treasury. What do you mean by Anticipatory Bail?   Draft an application under section 125 of Cr.P.C. on behalf of Rani (a house wife, 49 years) for maintenance against her husband Raj 52 years who is an IES officer in Mumbai on the ground of he has been deserted her without any justification.   Write ...

          TRAINING ·   Training Project at NTPC limited, Sipat {Chhattisgarh} in 2012 ·   Training Project at SECL, Bilaspur {Chhattisgarh}in 2014 ·   Industrial Visits at CSEB, Raipur {Chhattisgarh}in 2014             PROJECTS ·   Research on Rural Development NIT Raipur.{got 95.6% Marks for M.Tech Dissertation Program} ·   Project on Microcontroller Based Process Monitoring submitted for award of the degree B.Tech                  Co-Curriculum Activities ·   Semifinalist at Face of Chhattisgarh ; Fashion and Modeling Event/Contest (2011)  ·   Semifinalist at ‘Rule The Fears’ first Reality Show of State C.G. (2012) ·   Professional Trainer ‘Salsa’ Dance Form & Chief Sports Manager NIT Raipur (2010-2013) ·   Perform Dance at NIT Raipur and IIT Bombay Mood Indigo well known as Asia’s Largest Collage ...